Discuss the agency problem relating to multinational companies, and in Essay

Talk about the office issue identifying with worldwide organizations, and specifically global banks, and how, they contrast from - Essay Example The circumstance of office issue is such in a considerable lot of the associations that the specialists or the administration of the association utilizes their clout for determining individual advantages instead of advantages of the directors or the investors. At the end of the day, office issue emerges because of the clashing premiums among the administration, loan bosses and shareholders’ with respect to the objectives of the association just as that of the concerned gatherings (Investopedia, 2011). The office issue in worldwide organizations can be properly talked about by concentrating on the ways with regards to how the oversight and guideline influences the hazard taking proportions of the banks in the host-nation (Ongena and Et. Al., 2011). This exploration paper is intended to introduce the conversation on office issue in global organizations, especially banks, through audit of different perspectives identified with the development of the issues. The exploration additi onally expects to introduce a near investigation of the office issues looked by the global associations and residential associations. Two Most Common Agency Problems in Banks In the non-monetary enterprises, a motivation is given to the investors through constrained obligation that permits them to seize bondholders’ riches by expanding the degree of hazard. The legislature is enjoyed shielding the investors from the result of hazard taking exercises of the banks. Subsequently, the shareholders’ motivation to oversee and control chance taking is low. In the financial writing, such circumstance of nonattendance of control is known as the â€Å"moral peril issue related with store insurance†. A second exceptionally regular circumstance of organization issue emerges because of the cutoff points on the abundance of administrators that powers a partition of control and possession. This powers the supervisors to believe their own destinations to be a higher priority th an that of the investors (Demsetz, 1997). Organization Problems and Risk Taking at Multinational Banks The main driver of office issues in worldwide organizations, especially banks is identified with the organizing of guidelines for global financial units. The host nation is progressively keen on organizing the guidelines so that would give inconvenience to the outside firms to rival the local firms. Yet, this idea would bring about irregularity with the goal of a solitary market (Baum, 2002). The outcome of leaving the management and guideline in the nation of origin, as obvious from the instance of the European Union, is that the part nations embraced various structures of guideline and oversight for the budgetary foundations. In this way, if the global banks are confronted with comparable administrative issues, they would either part as per works or would solidify guideline into one organization. All things considered, in specific circumstances the Central Bank will be included, though in different cases, it would not. Thus, it is apparent that thinking about these administrative issues, the global banks would choose strategy exchange offs based on their degrees of duties and

My area †Earls Court a very weird and different area Free Essays

string(73) house into my nursery I still don’t know how she got up there. Dukes Court an exceptionally strange and diverse territory. In any case, that isn't the assessment of the individuals living there that’s simply my conclusion. Barons Court is an alternate territory; I like to consider it a little town not simply some zone in the core of Kensington. We will compose a custom exposition test on My territory †Earls Court an exceptionally bizarre and distinctive zone or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now The roads are constantly shrouded in old fresh parcels and utilized condoms and there consistently is by all accounts puddles of water or some fluid that never appear to evaporate. Behind my home is a private nursery which, on a cold winter’s morning is as cloudy as the pinnacle of Mount Everest and the Scottish Highlands set up. This nursery is controlled by a Garden Committee which is going up by a lady who changes her hair shading each and every week, for instance a week ago the woman’s hair was dark and this week it is about as red as Manchester United’s football shirt. In this nursery there is a tennis court which is set up throughout the late spring and the remainder of the year the shafts on which the nets hang are utilized without anyone else and around ten different mates as football posts. Anyway the lady with the consistently changing hair shading consistently appears to see us and come out and reallocate the ball despite the fact that her home is about from the school to Shepherds Bush cylinder station. The guidelines for this nursery are amazingly, I can’t think about the word, hold tight, ah truly, STUPID. You are not permitted to play football, play music, play and instrument, ride your bicycles or any sort of game that can harm the plants. It should be an outside jail. Around 2 minutes stroll from my home is a mammoth Tesco superstore; it professes to sell everything except for the difficulty is you can never discover everything since they continue changing where everything is so I’ll most likely can't be sure whether they do sell everything. I recall about a month prior now, me and my mate Gav were in Tesco’s and I needed to utilize the can so I advised him to stand by ground floor. As I returned the steps my cap tumbled off to the cold earth floor underneath; I ran down the steps just to discover my cap had vanished and Gav standing where it had arrived with an underhanded little smile all over. At that point a Jamaican security watch came up to us and stated, † What are you doing†, and I since I didn’t need to get in a tough situation said in an irate and genuine voice, † Gav man, where the hellfire did you put my cap? , the security watch advised Gav to get my cap from where he had concealed it; among the crates of wine. He offered it to me and we were going to push away without getting into a lot of difficulty when Gav, being the inept blockhead that he is, wrongly burst into an attack of chuckling when the watchman had quite recently dismissed; not when he was too far to hear but rather when he had quite recently turned his back so the gatekeeper heard, pivoted, called his partner and actually and I underscore the truly, tossed us out of the store onto the asphalt; where Gav and I continued to ignore our heads. Be that as it may, maybe the most conspicuous structure in my general vicinity is the workplace complex; practically around the bend from my home; down a side street; which runs past a Gospel church. In this complex there is around 6 or 7 cameras 2 of which neglect the door going in. On a dull and calm Saturday night if there is nothing else to do; what me and my mates like doing is attempting to get into the complex without being spotted by the 20 or so security watches simply inside the primary passage. Once I challenged a kid called Adam to run in and contact the sign that is around 10 meters before the front entryway. There were around five of us including Adam; he ran past the entryway, past the cameras, contacted the sign, and ran back. At this point the entirety of the watchmen were up out of their seats and running out of the entryway; I was the last one to see; Adam runs by me shouting like a young lady and everybody is running, I hadn’t saw what was occurring and when I pivoted from my concealing spot around 15 meters from the door; around four of the gatekeepers were getting through the entryway, I stood up and began running like a cheetah pursuing a zebra. At the point when I went to the fork I went right while every other person had gone out, I heard one of watchmen state, â€Å"You part go left while we go right, we’re going to get these kids†, I however, Christ their going to get me; I wouldn’t have been so stressed in the event that they weren’t hauling holsters around which could have contained a firearm. I ran between and over the left vehicles and over a divider about a meter or two high and stowed away. I held up until they had surrendered and afterward I rose up out of the shadow of the cross, triumphant in the way that I had given prepared security watches the slip. As I referenced before I there is Gospel church close to my home which has a brilliant green tower and on a Sunday morning and Wednesday evening it is completely overflowing with music and singing. Yet, the awful thing about this is the entirety of the vehicles of the congregation goers obstruct parking garage; the main spot that we are permitted to play football. Yet, there are other additionally fascinating things about my territory like the way that a lady fell of the top of my home into my nursery I still don’t know how she got up there. You read My territory †Earls Court a peculiar and diverse zone in class Papers Also around three weeks prior a total nutter of a man was on the top of a domain waving and shooting a rifle. The entirety of the encompassing streets were shut down off and furnished police and for reasons unknown there was revolt police there too. No one was harmed aside from the person discharging the firearm who fired himself in the leg before being captured. When I was riding my bicycle to my mate’s house and a minuscule, minimal gay man disrupted the general flow intentionally despite the fact that he had around a 10 second deferral before I was close to enough to hurt him; he ventured out and afterward said in a noisy little voice â€Å"Watch where your going you moronic little s**t†, I hollered back at him a few obscenities that I can't make reference to here. Around my region there is a great deal of evacuees who circumvent approaching individuals for cash. When I was strolling to class when around five of them came up to me and requested that I give them i10; I just took a gander at them and stated, â€Å"You got the opportunity to be joking†, the pioneer took a gander at me actually truly and stated, â€Å"I am as a rule truly perfect†, and that simply made me giggle. I think he intended to state, â€Å"I am by and large consummately serious†, yet got befuddled. The pioneer at that point snatched me and stated, â€Å"give me i10 now†, he was distinctly about as tall as me so I kneed him in his crotch and the rest simply chilled out on the grounds that a security monitor had come out to perceive what was happening. The gatekeeper ‘escorted’ the pioneer off the premises and I mean tossed onto one of the islands in the street. There is a tall, red block assembling practically around the bend from my home which used to be the place the neighborhood police power lived for nothing until it was transformed into a gathering level. There is a lady called Louise who is around 40 years of age and has an issue with kids. She is as slight as rake and is about medium tallness. Her nose is screwy and she has an appallingly noisy voice like a corroded bicycle chain. She has an overhang returning out of the of her home which she gets a kick out of the chance to use for taking pictures of individuals passing particularly kids. At the point when we make clamor she comes out and begins going on about how we are making a lot of commotion, and afterward we stand up to her about taking pictures of us she just goes calm and crawls off unobtrusively like the snake that she is. Simply last Sunday she came out and beginning having a go at us; yet when we began going up against her about taking pictures of us she said she’d even take recordings of us; we just said yet that’s illicit, she said so is clamor unsettling influence; at that point I said â€Å"but which one do you believe is more serious†, at which she just strolled off and I shouted toward her â€Å"I thought so! â€Å". She wears very trampy garments and she most likely just has one bit of clean attire in as long as she can remember. Around my region there are a ton of children who meander around searching for children to mug, yet I know them so they don’t attempt to mug me. Anyway when I was in first year there was a few children that I didn’t realize attempting to mug individuals, and once I was on my route home from school and I more likely than not seemed as though a correct numbskull with my catholic student uniform all perfect and clean. They were strolling on the opposite roadside and I saw them take a gander at me at that point go across the street towards me; so I went across the way to where they had been. They were then behind me and had turned around and begun strolling rapidly towards me; presently you have go to recollect that I was a little first year so I couldn’t fend off two 16+year olds, so I began running, they began running, I got a move on did as well, they, I was coming up to Tesco’s now so I ran through the back route through the vehicle leave into the store up to the primary floor and out through the principal floor exit. As I went down the steps I could see them through the 12ft high windows looking for me running through the passageways so I began running over the enormous 6 path street to my home. As I adjusted the corner I saw them come out the principle entrance, point towards me and begin running, so I just ran to my home and overcame the front entryway in record time. I opened two entryways in around 6 seconds. As I said before I consider Earls Court like a little town; a little town with its own high road with each shop its own film and even its own field and park. Be that as it may, with little towns there comes issues. On Thursday mornings there are heaps of dark receptacle sacks trusting that the container men will come and remove them; it

Macroeconomics essays

Macroeconomics expositions Each one of the individuals who live in the United States are familiar with private property. Ordinary circumstance once in a while lead to what life would resemble without it. One can perceive what the impacts are to living in a private society and acknowledge how effectiveness and equity are raised to a general level. This happens inside a high rise in Washington DC, anyway numerous condos all through the United States would off similar angles. After living in the condos, occupants are charged a month to month lease just as an extra bill for utilities, which incorporates gas, water, fuel, oil, and power. The lofts are considered ace metered, which implies those living in the condos are permitted to use as much power, water and gas as they need. Toward the month's end the utilities are included and partitioned among the quantity of inhabitants and afterward charged suitably. Be that as it may, ace metered raises the issue of some getting a free head out the individuals who save. For instance, take two individuals who live in a similar high rise. One of the inhabitants is mindful of moderating vitality. She generally kills the lights when she's out of the room, turns the air up a little in the late spring and the warmth down in the winter. She fundamentally carries on with her life being somewhat awkward for sparing everybody in her structure a minimal expenditure. Then again, her neighbor does the exact inverse. He never kills the lights, keeps his condo super cold in the mid year and pleasant and toasty in the winter. He even rules against killing his air when leaves for the end of the week, figuring he'll get back home to a hot loft. He believes he is simply paying a normal of everybody's utilization so for what reason would it be advisable for him to not be agreeable? So between the neighbors, the bill toward the month's end continues as before in light of the fact that one gives a little wh ... <! macroeconomics articles 1) At first we pick a point in quadrant I. Let us call this point as B. Presently let us take a gander at the Y (national salary) and I (financing cost) at point B and contrast it and point C. Same Y1*Y2 As we see from the chart, the national pay at point C is more noteworthy than the national salary at point B. We additionally realize that cash request is emphatically corresponded with national salary and contrarily connected with the loan fees. As such; Md,p=f(Y+) (1) so we can say that Md=f(Y+,i-) (2) At point C the national salary is higher then the national pay at point B;so we can without much of a stretch say that cash request at point C is more noteworthy than cash request at point B. The cash gracefully remains at a similar level however the interest for cash diminished. For this situation we have overabundance flexibly in currency showcase. As it is observed from the drawing over, the national salary at point B is same as the national pay at point D. Be that as it may, the loan cost at point B is more noteworthy than the financing cost at point D. We realize that reserve funds are emphatically corresponded with the loan costs The loan fee at point B is more noteworthy than the financing cost at point D.For this explanation investment funds at point B are more noteworthy than point D. From conditions (1) and (2) we see that cash request diminishes with the expanding premium rates.This implies cash request at point B (Md,B) is under cash request at point D (Md,D) . We have less interest for expanding supply,which implies total demand*aggregate flexibly So we state that we have abundance flexibly in merchandise advertise. For the focuses in quadrant I we can say that, if any point is chosen in this quadrant, the ... <!

Recommendation of Coca Cola based on performing various valuation models - Free Essay Example

The recommendation of Coca-Cola Company is based on performing various valuation models, which include HR practices, economic profit analysis, relative valuation and a fundamental price to earnings valuation model that revealed the Coca-Cola Company to be overvalued. Even though they find the stock to be overvalued and they feel that KO has some promising outlooks as well as possible challenges in the near future and they want to recommend it as a hold instead of a sell. The Coca-Cola Company is the #1 company within the non-alcoholic beverages industry. They have a 20- year standing of being the leader and investors know that the Coca-Cola Company has an extraordinary reputation for maximizing shareholder value. Opportunities that exist for the company in the future is expanding market share in the non-carbonated beverages segment, a restructuring of their business model, and better consistency of earnings results. A challenge that the Coca-Cola Company is facing is the struggle with their global competitors in the fact that their HR practices are greater and less than coke. If coke wants to more reputation in the world they must produce more incentives for employees from which they more done work hard and produce good quality. Their new management team needs to work on implementing cohesive goals between the two to reach the Coca-Cola Companys long-term growth potential. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION Mission and vision 5 History 7 4 Brands/product line 14 5 Total quality management 16 6 Environment of coca cola 16 7 Health and Nutrition 18 8 Management of coca cola in Gujranwala 19 9 Departmentalization 27 10 Human Resource Management 29 11 Job analysis and designs 30 12 Planning and forecast 30 13 Recruitment and selection 31 14 Training process 32 15 Performance and appraisal 33 16 Compensation and benefits 34 17 Employees relationship 35 18 Safety policy 36 19 Recommendation and Suggestion 37 INTRODUCTION Founded in 1886, the coca-cola company is the worlds leading manufacturer, marketer, and distributor of nonalcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups. The companys corporate headquarters are in Atlanta, with local operations in over 200 countries around the world. Although Coca-Cola was first created in the United States, it quickly became popular wherever it went. Our first international bottling plants opened in 1906 in Canada, Cuba and Panama, soon fol lowed by many more. Today, we produce more than 300 brands. More than 70 percent of our income comes from outside the U.S., but the real reason we are a truly global company is that our products meet the varied taste preferences of consumers everywhere. MISSION STATEMENT To benefit and refresh everyone it touches and to create values for our share owner on a long term basis by building a business that enhances the coco-cola company trade marks According to Gujranwala plant: To have a strong, dominant profitable business in Pakistan. VISION All of us in the Coca-Cola family wake up each morning knowing that every single one of the worlds 5.6 billion people will get thirsty that day and that we are the ones with the best opportunity to refresh them. Our task is simple: make Coca-Cola and our other products available, affordable, and acceptable to them, quenching their thirst and providing them a perfect moment of relaxation. If we do this if we make it impossibl e for these 5.6 billion people to escape Coca-Cola then we assure our future success for many years to come. Doing anything else is not an option. According to Gujranwala Plant: To create value for our share holders We are committed to: ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Building preference market leadership for our brands ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Achieve quality excellence and serve our customers with quality products. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Maximizing profits ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Developing People ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Optimum utilization of assets Shared Values: ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ WE VALUE RESPECT OUR PEOPLE ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ WE COMMUNICATE OPENLY ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ WE HAVE INTEGRITY ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ WE ARE COMMITTED TO WINNING Beliefs: There is much in our world to celebrate, refresh, strengthen and protect. The Coca-Cola Company is a vibrant network of people, in nearly 200 countries, putting citizenship into action. Through our actions as local citizens, we strive every day to refresh the marketplace, enrich the workplace, protect the environment and strengthen our communities. We are a local employer, with responsibility to enable our people to tap into their full potential; working at their innovative best and representing the diversity of the world we serve. We are an investor in local economies and a driver of marketplace innovation, with a responsibility to act as a good steward of our natural environment. A local citizen, understanding our responsibility to contribute to an improved quality of life in our communities BRANDS / PRODUCT LINE In 2002, Coca-Cola added pop to a category that many believed had lost its fizz in Nor th America. In May, after just six months in development, Vanilla Coke became the first extension of the Coca- Cola brand since 1985 and immediately generated profitable volume. Vanilla Coke helped boost sales of Coca-Cola branded beverages while inviting new consumers to rediscover the cola category through a completely original flavor experience. In product formulation, the Vanilla Coke team struck a balance that lets the taste of Coca-Cola come through-intriguingly new, yet undeniably Coca-Cola. Already one of our top 10 brands in the United States, Vanilla Coke is performing well in its initial international markets-including Australia and New Zealand, with more countries planning launches for 2003. In response to consumer demand, diet Vanilla Coke was introduced to the U.S. marketplace in October, just three-and-a-half months after it was given the green light. In 2002, we also celebrated the 20th anniversary of diet Coke and the expansion of diet Coke with lemon, which made st rong debuts in several international markets after its U.S. launch in 2001. In March 1923, Coca-Cola was sold in a 6-bottle carton for the first time in New Orleans, Louisiana. Today, products of The Coca-Cola Company are consumed at the rate of more than one billion drinks per day. Major Brands: There are 323 brands of coca-cola. Out of which there are 7 brands of coke in Pakistan. Two brands Lemon and Strawberry are recently introduced products of Coca-cola in Pakistan. TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT (TQM) Passion for Quality: Our reputation is built on trust. Through good citizenship we will nurture our relationships and continue to build that trust. That is the essence of our promise The Coca-Cola Company exists to benefit and refresh everyone it touches. Wherever Coca-Cola does business, we strive to be trusted partners and good citizens. We are committed to managing our business around the world with a consistent set of val ues that represent the highest standards of integrity and excellence. We share these values with our bottlers, making our system stronger. These core values are essential to our long-term business success and will be reflected in all of our relationships and actions in the marketplace, the workplace, the environment and the community. Marketplace: We will adhere to the highest ethical standards, knowing that the quality of our products, the integrity of our brands and the dedication of our people build trust and strengthen relationships. We will serve the people who enjoy our brands through innovation, superb customer service, and respect for the unique customs and cultures in the communities where we do business. Workplace: We will treat each other with dignity, fairness and respect. We will foster an inclusive environment that encourages all employees to develop and perform to their fullest potential, consistent with a commitment to human rights in our workplace. The Coca-Cola workplace will be a place where everyones ideas and contributions are valued, and where responsibility and accountability are encouraged and rewarded. Environment: We will conduct our business in ways that protect and preserve the environment. We will integrate principles of environmental stewardship and sustainable development into our business decisions and processes. COMMUNITY: We will contribute our time, expertise and resources to help develop sustainable communities in partnership with local leaders. We will seek to improve the quality of life through locally relevant initiatives wherever we do business. Responsible corporate citizenship is at the heart of The Coca-Cola Promise. We believe that what is best for our employees, for the community and for the environment is also best for our business ENVIRONMENT OF COCA-COLA In the first decade of the new century, we face the challenge of a new environment, which is driven by a fundamental shi ft in international economic dynamics, the growing influence of technology and the fact that people increasingly expect more of large corporations. That challenge demands innovation. While we will always be disciplined by our purpose and our ideals, we must intensify our focus on innovation and create new ways to deliver the promise of Coca-Cola. In fact, in an era that is increasingly international and interconnected, we must pioneer a movement from a homogenous global approach to a highly tailored approach reflecting the unique character of our markets. This new approach will require: 1) Being innovative in our marketing, our brands and our consumer relationships 2) Collaborating more productively with our business partners 3) Changing some of the structures of our enterprise 4) Increasing our commitment to community and the environment Thus, we will reinvigorate our enterprise and bring to full life the unique spirit of Coca-Cola and our people. Such real ren aissance of the Coca-Cola spirit will enable us to fulfill our purpose of delivering refreshment and benefit to everyone touched by our business. The Coca-Cola Company and our bottlers have been at the forefront in helping solve environmental, litter and solid waste issues for more than 20 years. We realize that we touch the lives of billions of people around the world and that our responsibility to them includes conducting our business in ways that help preserve the environment. Soft-drink packaging is the most recycled consumer package in the United States. Our system supports dozens of litter prevention organizations, including the Center for Marine Conservation and Keep America Beautiful. The Coca-Cola Company is a founding member of Keep America Beautiful. Whats more, weve been recycling at our headquarters for years, to the tune of thousands of pounds of waste annually. Weve donated more than $100,000 in proceeds from these recycling efforts to charities. Shaping new Products experiences with packaging and technology: As we created new products and fresh brand experiences in 2002, one fact became increasingly clear to us: Consumers are eager to see The Coca-Cola Company bring excitement to the marketplace. One simple innovation last year-the Fridge PackÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ -has changed the dimensions of 12-pack sales for us and for our bottling partners. This sleek, refrigerator-friendly pack is increasing consumer awareness and preference, accelerating consumption and case volume in markets where it has been introduced. From our packaging suppliers who assisted us and our bottlers in developing the Fridge Pack, to the retailers whose shelves were reconfigured to accept the new design, partnership made this innovation possible- and profitable. The future of our business in North America also evolved in 2002 with the continuing rollout of iFountain, the most advanced soft-drink dispensing system in the industry. iFountain gives our c ustomers a technologically advanced fountain system that enhances available brand options, improves operating efficiency and automatically calibrates each drink served to assure consumers of a quality drink every time HR coca cola HEALTH AND NUTRITION GIFT Business School 18 Today, people are more concerned than ever about health and nutrition. They understand the importance of good nutrition and proper hydration and they also know that delicious foods and beverages are an enjoyable part of life. People have trusted and enjoyed soft drinks for more than 115 years, and they can continue to be confident about their favorite beverages. In this section, we answer many of the questions you may have about our family of beverages., We also take a look at how The Coca-Cola Company promotes a healthy active lifestyle through programs around the world that promote fun and physical activity. There is growing confusion about what constitutes a healthy diet. With so much co nflicting information available about health and nutrition, it can be very difficult to determine what is accurate and what is not. The truth is that soft drinks and other beverages have a place in a healthy lifestyle. A healthy diet incorporates the basic principles of variety, balance and moderation without sacrificing enjoyment. Your Health Our Beverages: There is growing confusion about what constitutes a healthy diet. With so much conflicting information available about health and nutrition, it can be very difficult to determine what is accurate and what is not. The truth is that soft drinks and other beverages have a place in a healthy lifestyle. A healthy diet incorporates the basic principles of variety, balance and moderation without sacrificing enjoyment. Climate Change: The Coca-Cola Company takes the issue of global climate change very seriously. We have adopted a comprehensive policy aimed at reducing the environmental impact of our cooling equipm ent over time. By the 2004 Olympic Games in Athens, we will no longer purchase new cold-drink equipment using hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), wherever cost-efficient alternatives are commercially available. Additionally, we will reduce the energy use of our individual equipment by 40-50 percent over the next ten years. As we developed our cooling equipment policy, we referred to the basic tenets of the Kyoto Protocol. While we support the scientific analysis and general objectives of the agreement, we believe that ratification of international treaties and protocols should be left to national political processes. By focusing on our own efforts to reduce greenhouse emissions, we hope to provide an example of how businesses can operate in an environmentally sustainable manner. MANAGEMENT OF COCA-COLA Following are the information about the management of Gujranwala plant. The factory is control by the BOM (Business operational manager) and under him eight Departments is wo rking. Every Department is lad by a department Manager. The Departments of account is lead by the manager account and under him assist manager works. Who control the other employees of the department under him? Department of production and engineering is lead by the Prod. Eng. Manager. Under him work Mechanical Engineers Mechanical Supervisor and Assistant Production. Quality control department lead by the manager quality control. Under him working the chief chemist whos responsibility is to give the quality product to the customer. Sale marketing department is playing the important part in the growing market share in the country. That department led by the Sale marketing manager that department is further divided in the sale and marketing section. The marketing department is lead by the marketing manager and the sale section by sale manager. Sale men work under the sale manager Fleet department control thetransport vehicle of the company the head of the department is Fleet manag er and under him work the assistant fleet manager who manages the control over the transportation of the company. The distribution of the coca-cola around the Gujranwala region is the responsibility of distribution department, which is lead by the distribution Manager. Assistant distribution manager work under Him to full fill their duties. Human recourse and international affair department take control over the external environment of the company and help the in the growth of the company. That Department is lead by the Manager H.R.I.R. other executive work under his supervision. The R D Department plays the most important role in the development and the growth of the company. This Department is lead by the Manager RD. and Assistant Manger work under him. The total number of employees in the coca-cola Gujranwala Company is 236. To be specific the working environment in the company represents the companys culture in large. The culture is the shared values among the dif ferent people so the environment of the company is widely shared by its employees that conclude to form the companys culture. In the coming lines the working environment of the Gujranwala Coca-cola factory is described. Company culture:- The factors, which must be highlighted in this regard, are as follows: ÃÆ' ®Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ special training is given to employees, New employees also are placed with old ones to learn work and the values prevalent in the company, ÃÆ' ®Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ Two cups tea are free for every employee daily this represents the hospitable nature of the company, This factor keeps the employees motivated as they are taken well care this fact is clear by the physical actions took by the company, ÃÆ' ®Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ The company working environment is really a good blend of Asian and western values. Motivations for employees: Wages:- Coca-cola is providing smart wages to its employees, which are competitive and really satisfy its employees. As along with the wages they are provided with a lot of facilities and amenities. In brief structure of wages can be described like this blue collar workers are offered wages along with commission, sales man are offered wages plus commission pursuing certain criteria, White collar workers who are the officers and the executives draw a handsome amount of salary which is really competitive. Staffing and training: The Coca-Cola Company has always believed that education is a powerful force in improving the quality of life and creating opportunity for people and their families around the world. The Coca-Cola Company is committed to helping people make their dreams come true. All over the world, we are involved in innovative programs that give hard-working, knowledge-hungry students books, supplies, places to study and scholarships. From youth in Brazil to first generation scholars, educational programs in local communities are our priority. Annual Leaves:- Coca-cola international has different leaves structures in different regions and countries of the world where they have their company. Their leaves structure regarding Pakistan especially in Gujranwala Division Company is as follows: Designation Allowed leaves Supervisor 26 leaves per annum Above then Supervisor 26 leaves per annum Below supervisor 24 leaves per annum The above table shows simply how the leaves structure allows for the leaves and how well the employees are awarded with facility of getting their own personal time to manage their own problems. These leaves are authorized for the employees and these include the with pay leaves. This facility is really great which keeps the employees motivated and thrilled abo ut their work. Time Management For Work:- Time management is the key to grow in this fast and furious century of growth and development, so therefore Coca-cola is doing at their best for this pivotal factor of managing time. To cover this segment of management they have divided the work in to shifts. For this purpose phenomenon of division of labor is contributing for its functioning. In Gujranwala Coca-Cola company has divided the shifts for the work in the following manner: They are managing the working time in two shifts. They can include some extra shift if there is demand but normally there are two shifts, which are explained in the following. 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. (all departments other then technical departments), ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ 4 p.m. to 12 p.m. (Technical department). These are the shifts in which the work in the factory is mostly conducted. Medical Facilities:- Medical facilities are of prime importance in any organization as the health of employees is in the benefit of the company as well as its the social responsibility of the company to provide nice and healthy work environment to its employees, These facilities are such facilities which can include first aid treatments, emergency handling problems, sickness, and other diseases which are fatal for a person. The Coca-Cola Company is providing Medical facilities to all its employees. These treatments are provided to employees as per their designations. The medical facilities are also provided to supervisors as well as the officers in the company. Employees our Asset: The heart and soul of our enterprise have always been our people. Over the past century, Coca-Cola people have led our successes by living and working with a consistent set of values. While the world and our business will continue to change rapidly, respecting these values will continue to be essential to our long-term success. As we have expanded over the decades, our company has benefited from the various cultural insights and perspectives of the societies in which we do business. Much of our future success will depend on our ability to develop a worldwide team that is rich in its diversity of thinking, perspectives, backgrounds and culture. We are determined to have a diverse culture, from top to bottom that benefit from the perspectives of each individual. Employee Forums: We believe that a sense of community enhances our ability to attract, retain, and develop diverse talent and ideas as a source of competitive business advantage. In the U.S., through employee forums, employees can connect with colleagues who share similar interests and backgrounds. In those forums and elsewhere, employees support each others per sonal and professional growth and enhance their individual and collective ability to contribute to the company. Forums that are currently active include: ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Administrative Professionals ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ African-American ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Asian/Pacific-American ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Gay Lesbian ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Latin ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Women Mentoring Programs: The Coca-Cola Company is creating a system of mentoring programs that include, one-on-one mentoring, group mentoring and mentoring self-study tools. Currently, Coca-Cola North America and The Minute Maid Company have one-on-one mentoring programs designed to foster professional growth and development. These HR coca cola GIFT Business School 26 Every year, the world produces billions of tons of waste. Recycling and reusing waste materials is absolutely crucial if we are to maintain the health and beauty of the earth. The Coca-Cola ® Company is working constantly toward coming up with smart, creative ways to reuse waste. Heres a glance at what were doing. To introduce innovative and environmentally friendly packaging, we Opened a breakthrough facility in Sydney, Australia for the worlds first PET bottles to be produced from recycled PET bottles. Today, one in four PET containers sold by our company in North America contains re cycled content. Our Commitment To Diversity: Our commitment to diversity also extends into the community. Valuing our people helps us better meet the needs of our customers and partners. Through our people and our local bottling partners, we build relationships through local marketing, local civic programs and local business opportunities. Realizing the full potential of diversity has a direct impact on our company: ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ It improves our understanding of local markets; ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ It makes us a better employer and business partner; ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ It helps us compete more effectively; ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ It makes us better neighbors in our communities; and ultimately, ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ It builds value for our shareowners. Our company is energized with a new entrepreneurial operating culture, fueled by the twin engines of innovation and diversity. DEPARTMENTALIZATION: Following are the departments in Coca-cola company regarding to Gujranwala plant:- ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢Human Resource and international relation department. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢Research and Development department. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢Account department. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢Engineering department. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢Production department. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢Quality Control department. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢Marketing department. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢Sale department. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢Fleet department. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢Distribution department. Human Resource Management within Coca Cola Human Resource Management is an essential part for any organization. Moreover, development of this department is the first step, the ground on which the future of the company depends. It is essential for every single business unit and especially for such international company as Coca Cola. It is people, not technology who create the company. Human Resource Management at Coca Cola Company has many advantages. It is the global company and it is impossible to create certain policies or procedures applicable in all divisions of the company, cultural and political differences need to be taken into account. Therefore, the focus of this paper will be on four tasks and duties of Human Resource Management (performance management, compensation, career development, succession planning) based on the United States procedures. Basically the HRM practices are necessary for every organization. But unfortunately in Pakistan not so much used HRM practices. In multinational companies like coca cola have their own separate department of HRM. According senior executive of HR Waqar Mahmood our HR department consist of 29 people in Gujranwala plant. Every organization has its own policies and strategies by which they control the functions of their departments. Similarly, we also have own policies and strategies by which we control all the functions of our departments. coca cola HR department is also conducting all the practices of HRM like Job analysis and design of work ,r e c r u i t m e n t and selection, training and development, performance appraisals, compensation, employee relationships, staff welfare and medical policies and some other things like that. These all practices are conducted by own policies and strategies. HR department not make decisions related of its own department, they also conduct in companys decision. Job analysis and designing Job analysis is the procedure for determining the duties and skill requirements o f a job and the kind of person who should be hire for it. Job analysis consists of two products one is job description and second job specification. Job description: a list of job duties, responsibilities, reporting relationship, working conditions, and supervisory responsibilities- one product of a job. Job specification: a list of a jobs human requirements that is requisites education, skills, personality, and so on-other product of a job analysis. Coca cola company HR department check its own job description and job analysis in which they get the information about employees work activities, human behavior, performance standard, job context and human requirements and also other information related to this conduct. HR department of coca cola used this information for Recruiting, selection, compensation, performance appraisal, training, and employees relationship. Planning and Forecasting The process of deciding what positions th e firm will have to fill, and how to fill them. Coca cola HR department involves in company strategic planning and they also make sufficient planning for hiring new employees in the future. We forecast for the expected employees needs in the organization. We forecast of employees on the change technology and increasing in productivity. After planning we send this report to the head office for approval. If we get approval from the head office then we start recruitment process. Our recruitment process Our recruitment process is well established first of all we give ads in news papers, company website, institutions etc.Once we receive an application form, from candidates with required documents and C V. Internal recruitment External recruitment External Selection process The selection process will vary depending on the position youre applying for, as one process cant fit all the different roles we have here at CCE. However, in most cases a combination of any of the following tools will be used: Interview Group exercises Presentations Psychometric tests Role plays/Situational Exercises Interview The interview is designed to reveal more about you and your experiences. Well ask for examples of how you behaved in different situations, maybe at school, university, a club, at home or in previous jobs. This is not designed to catch you out and our interviewers will never try and trick you into an answer. Be honest, be yourself and it should be an enjoyable experience. Also, dont forget that this is your chance to find out more about us and ask questions. Remember, interviews are a two-way process so use it to understand the nature of the role and to make sure it really is what youre looking for. Group exercises Were very much a team at CCE so these will show us how effectively you work with people. Theyre a good opportunity for us to see how you communica te, influence and involve other people in the workplace. Presentations Presentations give you the chance to show your ability to communicate to a group of people on a specific topic. You may be given a topic in advance or on the day, but dont worry youll have plenty of time to prepare. Psychometric tests Psychometric tests are timed exercises that examine your abilities and potential. On occasions, we may also use a personality assessment tool that is designed to find out more specific things about you. If youre asked to complete a psychometric test, well send you information and advice in advance on how to prepare. Role Plays/Situational Exercises Designed to assess how you react in certain situations, these help to highlight particular skills and how well youre suited for a position. You may be given facts and figures to review, or a report to complete; we may also have an assessor acting as a customer or employee to simulate a situation that could occur in the workplace. Dont worry, youll be given a brief and ample time to prepare. Training process of employees Training process is essential part of every employee with out training; employee can not come to now the procedure of work, rules and regulations of firm, some times when new technology is introduced it is also responsibility of a firm to train its employees. After recruiting the fresh employee we train them for three months and also pay them salaries after three months they become part of a firm We also give training to already exist employee it depend upon condition for example if new technology is introduced first of all we give full training to them about new technology then we allow them to start their job . Performance appraisal Coca cola performance appraisal is annually Hr manger waqar mahmood said that we appraise the employee due to their performance about goals of the organization .we set the goals started the year and tell the employees about the goal if the employees achieve this goal we appraise the employees. Steps in appraising performance The performance appraisal process process contains three steps; Define the job Appraise the performance Provide feedback Define the job; Means making sure that you and your subordinate agree on his or her duties and job standard. Appraise performance; Means comparing your subsssss ordinates actual performance to the standards that have been set. Provide feedback; Means discuss the subordinate performance and progress, and make plans for any development required. External recruitment External

My Campaign For A Young Age - 1944 Words

At a young age we are often taught certain principles that push us to grow into positive and productive members of society. Growing up I was surrounded by the act of giving. Whether it was time, money, or energy it was something that I saw not only in my family but was also taught in school. Having this ingrained into me during my formative younger years has shaped me into a person that I admire and introduced me to the world of helping others. Entering college and exploring all my options was overwhelming but through trial and error I learned that my true calling was to follow a path of working towards change for the numerous issues that trouble our world. Prior to college these desires were not fully developed but letting the principle of giving guide my daily life I became involved with things that benefited others, which led me to the Augustine Literacy Project. My volunteering with this program and others with a similar mission, further reinforced what my future goals were and w hat path would be best to carry them out. My research of program choices at Appalachian State University resulted in me choosing to major in Global Studies and minor in French and Non-profit management. This selection would open doors to the nonprofit sector and a community of individuals with like-minded goals and values. 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The Pediatrician s Office That I Work Essay - 1520 Words

In the pediatrician’s office that I work, there is a playroom for the children of parents that came to bring a sibling to the office. I work there at this playroom taking care of the children in this playroom. I often observe how the parents, usually the mother, interact with their children, and also how the children act when the mother needs to leave the room and when they come back. It was not until this week that I was able to name the interactions and to understand what is behind the children reactions. This week, in my developmental psychology class I learned about an experiment developed by Mary Ainsworth called ‘Strange Situation’ (Belsky, 2013, p. 115). In this experiment, a mother and a child enters a play room like the one that I work, and after the child is playing with the toys, a stranger comes in and interact with the child; after a while the mother leaves the room, the same way the mothers at the pediatrician’s office leave the playroom; afte r some minutes the mother returns and the stranger leaves the room; a couple of minutes after the child is situated again and playing, the mother leaves again leaving the child alone, and returns after another couple of minutes (Belsky, 2013, p. 115). While the researchers observed the children, their interaction with their mothers, and their reactions to the situations through a one-way mirror (Belsky, 2013, p. 115), I observed as the stranger that is in the room interacting with the child. 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Issue of Income Inequality and Crime-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Relationship between Income Inequality and Crime. Answer: Introduction The relationship between income inequality and occurrence of crime has always been subject of study. Crime rates can depend on penalties associated with and it can also depend on the differentiation between achievement of crime and opportunity cost (Brush, 2017). The concept of relative deprivation tells that inequality can create social tension as the poor can feel dispossessed. The feeling of unfairness and disadvantage can lead to seek the satisfaction and compensation, including crime. The concept of income inequality and crime can be described from both economic and sociological aspect. The aim of the study is to establish the relationship between income inequality and crime. In the first part of the study, objectives and research questions will be given and in the literature review section, scholarly papers will be reviewed based on the topic. In the methodology and data collection section, the process of data collection will be described. Project Objectives The objectives of the project are: To find out the reasons behind rise in the income inequality in deprived sections To identify the types of crime associated to income inequality To establish the relationship between income inequality and crime To suggest some possible ways to solve the issue of income inequality and crime Project scopes The scope of the project is to highlight the relationship between income inequality and crime through using various secondary sources including first-hand data. This study would explore various scholarly articles of economics, sociology and psychology to underpin the concept of crime and income inequality. The study would strive to find out the psychology of the people at bottom of the income distribution and the societal pressure to them to gain in the status competition. The main argument of the study would be based on psycho-sociological perspectives of the risk-seeking behaviour of the lower income class people. Literature review Rise in the income inequality and reasons behind risk-taking activities among people Changes in the income distribution is one such reason behind the income inequality and in the developed countries, the income inequality has grown since 1970s (Box, 2017). The reasons of the income inequality are manifold and it is the interaction of multiple factors. In the developed countries, the globalisation snatches the chance of employment to the low skill labourers. The people are losing their jobs because of extreme competition and most importantly, they are moving to low-wage areas such as Asian countries and other emerging economies, like Brazil, Egypt, India and China. Else, the people have to choose the way of risk-taking activities like criminal offence to maintain their livelihoods. As pointed out By Kennedy et al., (2017), in recent time, the rapid progress in information technology leads to increase demand of educated and high skilled labours, therefore income distribution only favours to the skilled brains. The uneducated, less fortune and poor people do not get any chance to improve their condition and they do not get any alternative source of income to earn their livelihood. In psycho-sociological perspective, the rich people get various extra advantages in life, like good accommodation, standard living, convenient leisure and benefits of higher communication among the society, these factors award the rich with the tag of winner and runners-up do not have any proviso to improve their lifestyles (Patterson, 2017). Minority communities, people with low socio-economic conditions, people from disadvantaged background are often treated unfairly and they are excluded from the modern flow of life. Sometimes, these often lead to the anti-social activities for out of frustration. Of late, in many underdeveloped economy countries, many people come as an immigrant to developed countries. In such cases, the immigrant-less educated people do not get any means of earning the money and continue their living. They have the only option left to do risk-taking activities to snatch money. Desperate needs to cope up with the modern lifestyle and poverty-stricken create the consequence of gradual tendency to commit a crime (Hipp, 2017). For instance, in the US, before 1965, the number of dropouts was higher and most of the young generation joined in the criminal activities with the immigrant people, many of the American-born young generation became low-skilled workers (Guiterrez et al., 2013). Moreover, in many instances, it has been observed that power of Trade Unions is losing and its importance loses has been degrading. In a previous time, Unions try to balance the wages and the societal norm was followed for all. Now, the low-skilled labours do not chance to work in t he factories and most of the time, they are forced to leave the works by managerial forces (Kakwani, 2016). Therefore, they have to join the illegal activities and criminal offences to earn the medium of livelihoods. There are various functions that are associated with the crime, differences in monetary valuation, inflation, consumer price index, purchasing power and faster expansion in price and wealth distribution gap. Additionally, states must start welfare policies for the backward class and states need to facilitate the labour laws, equal rights laws and tax laws to bring the backward class in the mainstream. Types of crime associated with income inequality As stated by Olson, Herman Zanna (2014), crime is one such function of the individuals calculations in expected utility of crime with comparing the same resources and the same time to pursue the legal working or activities. Therefore, it is obvious that many poor individuals intend to do the illegal activities as they see that legal activities do not offer benefits to them in short-term perspectives Braithwaite (2013). There are many such penalties and laws are there to prevent the crime, however, the societal nature and psychology of the individuals pressurise the people to do such works as individual think non-criminal activities can be accepted if the benefit of crime is lower than poverty status of them. The crimes of the poor individuals who have been the victim of unequal income follow the mechanism of emotional motivation and rational calculation. The crimes of the people can be divided into two types, property theft (robbery, burglary, larceny/theft, and motor vehicle theft) and the violent crimes (murder, forcible rape, aggravated assault). As opposed by Chiu Madden (2015), a country's economic growth can impact in lowering the crime occurrences as the growth of GDP can reduce the income inequality gap. A rich economy can alleviate the poverty level. International Statistics on Crime and Justice published a report in 2015 and this dataset showed the various crime incidences in developed and developing countries, assault, murder, homicide, robbery and rape. Moreover, most of the incidences of homicide were found in the Africans regions and American part, the lowest homicide rate was found in the European regions (Choe, 2013). Income inequality and crimes are increasing in the Latin American sections and most of the incidents in this part recorded as gang activities, organised crime and drug trafficking. The incidence of homicide was increased from 6.6 to 7 within 2012-2015; this homicide is included unlawful death and killing of persons (Hsieh Pugh, 2013). Income inequality, crime level and murder can be observed as reciprocal in trend as in African regions have highest rates of population and highest income inequality. In American region, Mexico is worst in income inequality and it has been facing the issuing law and justice system, crimes and drug trafficking. On the other side, United Nations published a report of incidence of rape in 65 countries and it showed that approximately, 250,000 cases of rape were recorded by the jurisdiction annually. This incidence is prevalent mainly in African regions and American regions where inequality of income is shown (Dahlerg Gustavsson, 2015). It has been also notified that Sweden is a good performer in economic basis and inequality of income is not prevalent, however, it registered the highest rape incidence in Europe with 46 rapes per 100,000. Incidents of robbery are different from the theft as it is associated with the bag snatching, mugging with violence. This type of incidents is most fa mous among the Caribbean and Latin America with 21% of rate. In last 10 year of the period, the incidents of robbery and assault have been increased in the communities that are mostly poor and have been facing the income inequality. The people who are living in poorer communities with higher population are mostly exposed to crimes (Fajnzylber, Lederman Loyaza, 2012). Relationship between income inequality and crime In many developed countries and most of the African countries, the measurement of income inequality does not account the wealth accumulation. The income inequality mostly impacts on the property crime in African Countries and in European regions as the people like to take this as permanent or transitory income. As opined by Enamorado et al., (2016), a region where income inequality is low and permanent income of people is high, the crime rate is also low, these places would give the wider distribution of transitory income. From 1974 to 2010, the permanent and transitory income of people got higher, income tax reports showed this figure. Total income could be measured by the total earning, job types and intergenerational variations. The younger generation has been facing the issue of permanent income shock as the permanent income has been calculated through the random growth model. According to Cheung Lucas (2016), property crime can be classified into three categories, burglary, sho plifting and auto theft. Increase in permanent income shock or inequality can push significant positive impact on the three categories as the people would try to have transitory income. Braithwaite (2013), opined that independent variables of crime that have associated with the inequality of income are sector-specific wages, unemployment rates, Gini Coefficient, average market wages. The critics estimated the opportunity wages for unemployment compensation and unemployment rate. As stated by Kennedy et al., (2017), opportunity wage is mainly depended on the rational choice of assumption which can provide legal opportunities to earn a wage to reduce the crime. Law enforcers are taking heavy loads in order to reduce the crime rate in the poorer communities as significant improvements in jurisdictions and law enforcement have already been taken in many parts of the world. The governments are trying to reduce the crime by instilling fear of long-term punishment. However, the government needs to contribute in a way that can improve the economic condition of the society to address the income inequality with better wages, availability of employment and job security to the poor people (Gutierrez et al., 2013). NGOs can work for the betterment of the condition of the poor section with self-development programmes, educate them, eradicate the desperation of money to be equal and provide family support. Research questions Primary question Does income inequality facilitate crime among the deprived section? Secondary questions What are the reasons behind rising in income inequality in different parts of the world? What types of crime are associated with income inequality? What could be some possible solutions to curb the income inequality and crimes among deprived section? Research design and methodology In order to conduct this research project, the researcher will collect both secondary and primary data. Secondary data will be collected from journals, government reports, websites, articles and books. Primary data will be collected from interview and survey. Qualitative method In this research project, the researcher will do interview sessions with the economists and sociologists who are residing in Australia. In the qualitative method, the interviews could be done through unstructured or structured types (Mackey Gass, 2015). The researcher has already identified two economists and two sociologists and the researcher will contact them through Facebook. The interviews will be through Skype as meeting them would not be possible. The researcher will prepare 8 open-ended questions about income inequality and crime in the society. The interviews will be the semi-structured type. The gathered data will be analysed through qualitative data analysis technique. Population Sample size Sample technique Sample frame Economists and Sociologists 4 Non-probability sampling Email and telephonic interviews Table 1: Collection of qualitative data through interview (Source: Created by researcher) Quantitative method In this research project, the researcher will collect the primary data through a survey. The researcher will prepare 15 close-ended questions for gathering data about income inequality and crime. The questions will be of two categories, demographics and subjective. The questions will be made on Google page and the researcher will post the questionnaire link on an Australian community Facebook page. The researcher has already taken the permission for this. There are more than 500 members of the group and the researcher will choose 150 respondents based on simple random sampling who will provide all responses. The data analysis procedure will be quantitative data analysis. Quantitative data deals with numerical findings (Taylor, Bogdan and DeValult, 2015) Population Sample size % of population Sample technique Sample frame 500 Australian citizens 150 30% Simple random sampling Google questions sheet link will be posted on Facebook page Table 2: Collection of quantitative data through survey (Source: Created by researcher) Research limitations In conducting the research, the researcher may face the issue of data validation in the literature review section; there will be various judgemental reviews and news. The researcher may face the limitation of accessing the online pdf because of the financial boundary. The researcher may also face the issue of time constraint in reviewing all the literature. In addition, in collecting the data from the survey, the researcher may face the limitation to filter the unbiased data from more than 150 respondents. The research will be the cross-sectional type of research, however, the primary data will showcase the responses only of Australian people's opinions and it may miss out the global perspective. Time schedule Activities Week 1 Week 4 Week 8 Week 12 Week 16 Week 20 Week 24 Selection of research topic ? Reviewing the literature ? Selection of research methods ? Collection of primary data (Interview and Survey) ? Drawing conclusion ? Providing recommendations ? Submission of research ? Table 3: Gantt chart (Source: Created by researcher) Conclusions Crime statistics depend on someone reporting the crimes and then someone reporting the aggregate statistics. There is room for distortions to be introduced at each step. The resources available to collect the data are probably less in poorer parts of the world than in wealthier parts. Finally, there may be a defining deviancy down effect where all these statistics are attenuated. It is absolutely inconceivable that human nature will allow a wealthy class to hoard all of the wealth for themselves, and cause widespread poverty in the process, expecting the victims of that greed to just complacently accept their fates. The problem in the developed countries and in other places where there are unimaginable wealth and dire poverty side by side, clearly the disadvantaged will find some way to lash out against the obvious injustice. The government and Humanity group can make people understand the consequences that can deter the offenders and aggressors from committing criminal acts. Reference List Box, S. (2017).Recession, crime and punishment(p. 96). Hong Kong: Macmillan Education. Braithwaite, J. (2013).Inequality, Crime and Public Policy (Routledge Revivals). Abingdon: Routledge. Brush, J. (2017). Does income inequality lead to more crime? A comparison of cross-sectional and time-series analyses of United States counties.Economics Letters,96(2), 264-268. 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